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Halalmat
gruppen
Halalmat jobber for å tilrettelegge halal mat for muslimer i Norge, og
målsetning for gruppen er at det må legges til rette for at alle muslimer
i Norge kan ha tilgang til halal slaktet kjøtt og halal mat. Derfor følger
gruppen de strengeste kriteriene for å definere/sertifisere halal slaktet
kjøtt /mat.
Hovedutfordring muslimer i Norge har med hensyn til kjøtt som slaktes i norske slakterier.
I henhold til det norske regelverket må dyrene bedøves før selve slaktingen kan foretas.
Bedøvelsen i norske slakterier foregår etter ulike metoder for de forskjellige dyreartene,
men dette kan gjøres uten å overtre de islamske normene. Det er utviklet samarbeid med
slakterier hvor muslimer slakter dyr etter de islamske forskriftene, og som er tilgjengelig som halalkjøtt
i det norske markedet.
Hovedutfordringen har ligget at dyret må ikke dø som følge av bedøvelsen.
Bedøvingsmetoden kan forårsake hjertestopp.
Etter bedøvelsen skal avblødningen skje så hurtig som mulig, og som regel innen 20 sekunder.
(Forskrift om dyrevern i slakterier. Fastsatt av Landbruksdepartementet 28. august 1995 med hjemmel i lov 20. desember 1974 nr. 73 om dyrevern § 24c. Se spesielt § 14 – 19.)
Se og endringer i forskriftene
Fastsatt av Landbruksdepartementet 17. juni 2003 med hjemmel i lov 20.desember 1974 nr 73 om dyrevern § 24c. Endret ved forskrift 10. januar 1996 nr. 83, 1. januar 1998 nr. 2 og 9. juni 2000 nr. 862
I Koranen heter det at kjøtt slaktet av ahl ol-kitab (skriftfolkene, dvs. jøder og kristne)
er tillatt føde for muslimene. Denne tillatelsen er imidlertid betinget av at de andre forskriftene
er oppfylt, slik at for eksempel kjøtt slaktet av en kristen i Jesu navn eller i treenighetens navn
ikke er tillatt. Et dyr slaktet av en jøde eller kristen i Guds navn men ved elektrisk sjokk,
blir således heller ikke tillatt.
Her må det nevnes at hvert enkelt bør følge sin lovskole, hvorav Hanafi er mye strengere på dette område enn Shafi skolen.
Enkelte lærde/jurister av shafiskolen tillater at det er greit å spise kjøtt som er tilgjengelig i kristne land,
noe som ikke er tilfelle for de som følger Hanafi skolen.
Linker til artikler om tema
Slakteforskrifter i islam
Mens det er forbudt for muslimer å slakte uten bedøvelse, får samene lov til å drepe reinsdyra sine med denne krumkniven.
Norsk lovgivning forbyr slakt av dyr etter muslimenes såkalte halal-metoder, uten å bedøve dyret først.
Kjøttet er slaktet etter halal-metoder ved slakteriet til Gilde på Gol.
The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam, av Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi
Forskrift om endring av forskrift om dyrevern i slakterier
Alfathi er et nytt selskap som har spesialisert seg på produkter fra halaslaktet lam til muslimer. Selskapet eies av Gilde Fellesslakteriet (51 %) sammen med Forskningsparken (20%) , Sabil (20%) og Andre (9%)
Alfathi spesialprodukter
Spise kjøtt slaktet av bokens folk
Utdrag fra boken "The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam, av Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi
Kategori av forbudt kjøtt
Forbidden to you are the flesh of dead animals and blood and the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to any other than Allah, and that which has been killed by strangling or by beating or by falling or by being gored, and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild beast except that which you make lawful by slaughtering (before its death), and that which has been sacrificed to idols.... (5:4 (5:3))
Accordingly, the foods which are prohibited fall into four broad categories which may be reclassified into ten detailed categories, as follows:
- 1- Pork
- 2- The Prohibition of Flowing Blood
- 3- That Which Is Dedicated to Anyone Other Than Allah
- 3b - that which has been sacrificed to idols.
The difference is that in case of "that which has been dedicated to anyone other than Allah," the slaughtering did not take place in the vicinity of the idol and only its name was mentioned over the object of sacrifice, while in the latter case the immolation was done in front of the idol or on the altar assigned to it, and it was therefore unnecessary to mention its name.
- 4 - The Prohibition of Eating What Is Dead (which dies of natural causes, without being slaughtered or hunted by men)
- 4b - The strangled: an animal which has been strangled, for example, by a rope around its neck, or suffocated, as for instance by putting its head into something which produces suffocation.
- 4c - The beaten: an animal which has been beaten to death by a club or similar object.
- 4d - The fallen: an animal which dies as a result of a fall from a high place, or by falling into a gully or ravine.
- 4e - The gored: an animal which dies as a result of being gored by the horns of another animal.
- 4f - That which has been (partly) eaten by wild beasts: an animal which has been partially devoured by wild animals and dies as a result.
After naming the last five categories mentioned above:
"Allah makes an exception of "that which you make lawful by slaughtering," meaning that if one comes upon such an animal while it is still alive, slaughtering renders it halal as food. The correct understanding of "still alive" is that some sign of life remains in it. 'Ali ibn Abu Talib said, "If you can slaughter the beaten, the fallen or the gored animal while it (still) moves its hoof or leg, you may eat it." Commented al-Dahak, "The people of the time of jahiliyyah used to eat them (dead animals); then Allah prohibited them in Islam, excepting what is slaughtered. If it is slaughtered while it (still) moves a leg, its tail, or an eye, it is halal (Some jurists have said that there must be life in it, the signs of which are the flow of blood and reflex movements)"
The Prohibition of Flowing Blood
The second prohibition relates to flowing or liquid blood. (It is not prohibited to eat the blood which remains in the flesh of the slaughtered animal after one has done his best to remove it. (Trans.)) Ibn Abbas was asked about the spleen and he replied, "You can eat it." The questioners said, "But it is blood." (In early times the spleen was believed to be congealed blood. (Trans.)) He answered, "Only flowing blood is prohibited to you." The reason for this prohibition is both that the drinking of blood is repugnant to human decency and that it may likewise be injurious to health.
During the period of jahiliyyah, a person who felt hungry might jab a bone or sharp object into the flesh of his animal, and collect and drink the flowing blood. It was concerning this that the poet al'Ashi said: Never approach animals that are dead, Nor take a sharp bone to pierce the live one.
Thus, since piercing the flesh of a living animal injures and weakens it, Allah Ta'ala prohibited such a practice.
3.1.2 Animals Prohibited to the Jews and Christians
Among the people possessing a religion based on a divinely revealed scripture, Allah prohibited to the Jews the eating of many land and marine animals; for a description of these one may refer to the Old Testment book of Leviticus, chapter eleven. The Qur'an mentions some of the things which Allah prohibited to them, as we mentioned previously, to punish them for their transgressions and sins: And to the Jews We forbade every animal with claws, and of oxen and sheep We have forbidden them their fat, except what is carried on their backs or entrails or what is connected to the bone; thus did We recompense them for their rebelliousness, and indeed We speak the truth. (6:146)
These prohibitions applied to the Jews, and it may be assumed that the Christians were also supposed to observe them since the Injeel declares that Jesus (peace be on him) did not come to abolish the Law of Moses but to fulfill it. However, the Christians made permissible things which had been prohibited in the Torah, although not abrogated in the Injeel, or scripture revealed to Jesus (peace be on him). The Christians followed the teachings of Paul, who declared all foods and drinks permissible with the sole exception of the flesh of animals sacrificed to idols, (1 Cor. 8:4-10,10:19-29; Col. 2:13-14,16,1 Tim. 4:4-5. (Trans)) since "to the pure everything is pure." (Rom. 14:14-17; Tit. 1:15. (Trans.)) Accordingly, Christians permitted to themselves the eating of pork, despite the fact that the text of the Torah prohibits it to this day.
3.1.5 Necessity Dictates Exceptions
And after mentioning the prohibitions concerning the flesh of dead animals, blood, and so, He says:
...but if one is compelled by necessity, neither craving (it) nor transgressing, there is no sin on him; indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (2:172-173)
The consensus of the jurists is that necessity in this case signifies the need for food to alleviate hunger when no food other than the prohibited food is available, some jurists holding the opinion that at least one day and one night should pass without food. In such a situation a person may eat as much will satisfy his hunger and thus save himself from death.
Said Imam Malik, "The amount of it is what will alleviate his hunger, and he should not eat more than what will keep him alive." This, perhaps, is the meaning of Allah's words, "neither craving (it) nor transgressing,"—that is, neither desiring it nor eating more than necessary. That hunger can be a compelling need is expressly mentioned in the Qur'anic ayah:
...but if one is compelled by hunger, without any inclination to sin, then indeed Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. (5:4 (3))
Animals Slauthered by the People of the Book
"Now although the People of the Book—the Jews and Christians —are essentially believers in one God, some Muslims nevertheless supposed that in matters related to food the People of the Book were to be treated in the same manner as idolaters. Thereupon Allah Ta'ala granted special permission to Muslims in the matter of eating with the People of the Book and in the matter of marriage to their women.
In Surah al-Maidah, the last surah of the Qur'an to be revealed, Allah says, Today whatever is good is made lawful to you. And the food of those who were given the Scripture (before you) is permitted to you and your food is permitted to them.... (5:6 (5))
The meaning of these verses is, in brief, that from this day forward all good, pure, and wholesome things are permitted to you Muslims;
consequently, there can be no more bahirah, saibah, wasilah, or ham. Since Allah did not prohibit it, the food of the Jews and the Christians is permitted to you on the basis of the original permissibility of things, and likewise you can share your food with them.
Accordingly, you can eat the flesh of the animals they have slaughtered or hunted, and they can eat what you have slaughtered or hunted.
While Islam takes an uncompromising attitude toward polytheists, it is lenient toward the People of the Book, for they are closer to Muslims in their belief in divine revelation, prophethood, and other fundamentals of .
Islam permits us to eat with them, to marry their women, and, in general, to have social relations with them.
It may be that, by interacting with Muslims in an Islamic environment and observithe beliefs, practices, and characters of Muslims, they may come to realize that Islam is in truth their own religion but with a higher level of spirituality, a more perfect Shari'ah, and books of greater authenticity,
(That is, the Holy Qur'an, the books of Ahadith, and the Sirah (biography) of the Prophet. (Trans.)) while also free of the influence of paganism, man-made concepts, and falsehood.
The application of the phrase, "the food of those who were given the Scripture," is general and includes their meats, produce, and other foods.
All of these are halal for us excepting what is haram in itself, e.g., the flesh of a dead animal, pork, and flowing blood, as these are haram regardless of whether they are obtained from a Christian, a Jew or a Muslim.
Animals Slaughtered for Churches and Christian Festivals
If one does not hear from a Christian or a Jew that a name other than Allah's such as that of Jesus or a saint, was mentioned at the time of slaughter, the meat he offers is halal. If, however, he says that a name other than Allah's has been mentioned, it is haram, according to the opinion of some jurists who argue that it falls under the heading of what has been dedicated to other than Allah. Some others hold the opinion that the food of the People of the Book has been permitted to us by Allah, Who is aware of what they say when slaughtering an animal.
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